PUBLICATIONS: MEASUREMENT AND SCALING
Spence, I. and Lewandowsky, S. (1989) Robust multidimensional scaling. Psychometrika, 54, 501-513.
Spence, I. (1983) Dual scaling: An alternative approach to categorical data. Review of S. Nishisato, Analysis of categorical data: Dual scaling and its applications. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 313-317.
Spence, I. (1983) Monte Carlo simulation studies. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7, 405-425.
Spence, I. (1982) Incomplete experimental designs for multidimensional scaling. Chapter 3. In R.G. Golledge and J.N. Rayner (Eds.), Proximity and preference: Problems in the multidimensional analysis of large data sets. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Spence, I. (1982) A simple approximation for random rankings stress values. In A.P.M. Coxon and P.M. Davies (Eds.), Key texts in multidimensional scaling. London: Heinemann [reprint of Spence(1979)].
Spence, I. and Graef, J. (1980). M-SPACE. In A.P.M. Coxon and P.M. Davies (Eds.), MDS (X) Programs: Users' Manual. London: Macmillan, 1980).
Spence, I. (1979) A simple approximation for random rankings stress values. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 14, 355-365.
Graef, J. and Spence, I. (1979) Using distance information in the design of large multidimensional scaling experiments. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 60-66.
Spence, I. and Young, F.W. (1978) Monte Carlo studies in nonmetric scaling. Psychometrika, 43, 115-117.
Spence, I. (1978) Multidimensional scaling. Chapter 7. In P. Colgan (Ed.), Quantitative ethology. New York: Wiley.
Spence, I. (1976) Review of R.A.M. Gregson, Psychometrics of similarity. Psychometrika, 41, 564-566.
Spence, I. and Graef, J. (1974) The determination of the underlying dimensionality of an empirically obtained matrix of proximities. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 9, 331-341.
Spence, I. (1974) Review of R.N. Shepard, A.K. Romney, and S.B. Nerlove (Eds.), Multidimensional scaling: Theory and applications in the behavioral sciences (Vols. I and II). Geographical Analysis, 6, 202-206.
Spence, I. (1974) On random rankings studies in nonmetric scaling. Psychometrika, 39, 267-268.
Spence, I. and Domoney, D.W. (1974) Single subject incomplete designs for nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Psychometrika, 39, 460-490.
Spence, I. and Graef, J. (1973) M-SPACE: A program for the determination of the underlying dimensionality of an empirically obtained matrix of proximities. Behavioral Science, 18, 227-228.
Spence, I. and Ogilvie, J.C. (1973) A table of expected stress values for random rankings in nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 8, 511-517.
Spence, I. (1972) A Monte Carlo evaluation of three nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithms. Psychometrika, 37, 461-486.
Spence, I. (1970). Local minimum solutions in nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association, 13, 365-367.
