PUBLICATIONS: GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION AND INFORMATION DISPLAYS
Gwizdka, J., & Spence, I. (2007). Implicit measures of lostness and success in web navigation. Interacting with Computers, 19, 357-369. PDF file (0.6 Mb)
Gwizdka, J., & Spence, I. (2006). What can searching behavior tell us about the difficulty of information tasks? A study of web navigation. American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST 2006), Nov 3-8, 2006, Austin, TX, USA. PDF file (0.2 Mb)
Spence, I. (2005). No humble pie: The origins and usage of a statistical chart. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 30, 353-368. PDF file (1.0 Mb)
Gwizdka, J., & Spence, I. (2005) Predicting outcomes of web navigation. Proceedings of WWW 2005, 892-893.PDF file (0.6 Mb)
Gwizdka, J., & Spence, I. (2005) Indirect assessment of web navigation success. Proceedings of CHI 2005, 892-893.PDF file (1.0 Mb)
Spence, I. (2004). The apparent and effective dimensionality of representations of objects. Human Factors, 46, 738-747. PDF file (1.0 Mb)
DeYoung, C.G. & Spence, I. (2004) Profiling information technology users: en route to dynamic personalization. Computers in Human Behavior, 20, 55-65. PDF file (0.2 Mb).
Hollands, J. & Spence, I. (2001). The discrimination of graphical elements. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 413-431.
PDF file (2.2Mb).Spence, I. & Efendov, A. (2001). Target detection in colored scientific visualizations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 7, 13-26. PDF file (2.7Mb)
Spence, I., Kutlesa, N., & Rose, D.L. (1999) Using color to code quantity in spatial displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 5, 393-412. PDF file (3.5 Mb)
Hollands, J. G., & Spence, I. (1998). Judging proportion with graphs: The summation model. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 173-190. PDF file (1.0 Mb)
Hollands, J. G., & Spence, I. (1997). Integral and separable dimensions in graph reading. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 41st Annual Meeting (pp. 1352-1356). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Spence, I. (1995) Graphs and psychophysics. Visual Communication Quarterly, 2(4), 8-11.
Spence, I. & Krizel, P. (1994) Children's perception of proportion in graphs. Child Development, 65, 1193-1213.
Hollands, J. G., & Spence, I. (1994). Mental operations in graphical perception. In Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (vol. 6, pp. 235-237). Mississauga, Canada: Human Factors Association of Canada.
Spence, I. & Garrison, R.F. (1993) A remarkable scatterplot. The American Statistician, 47, 12-19. PDF file (0.7Mb)
Hollands, J. G., and Spence, I. (1992). Judgments of change and proportion in graphical perception. Human Factors, 34(3), 313-334.
Hollands, J. G., & Spence, I. (1992). Perception of graphical displays: The stacking model. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Human Factors Association of Canada (pp. 187-192). Mississauga, Canada: Human Factors Ass'n of Canada.
Spence, I. (1991) Discussion: Graphical perception. Proceedings of the Section on Statistical Graphics, 33-35, Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
Spence, I. & Lewandowsky, S. (1991) Displaying proportions and percentages. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5, 61-77. PDF file (0.9Mb)
Spence, I. & Lewandowsky, S. (1990) Graphical perception. Chapter 1. In J. Fox & J. S. Long (Eds.), Modern methods of data analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Spence, I. (1990) Visual psychophysics of simple graphical elements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Performance and Perception, 16, 683-692.
Lewandowsky, S & Spence, I. (1989) The perception of statistical graphs. Sociological Methods and Research, 18, 200-242.PDF file (1.4 Mb)
Lewandowsky, S. & Spence, I. (1989) Discriminating strata in scatterplots. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, 682-688.
